Upon the “Gun” in the Ancient Age of Japan

It cannot be denied that there are many various debates on the existence of the Gun System from the viewpoint of the consititutional history in this country, merely because the Gun is a unit of sub-division in the institutions, upon which the purpose of this treatise has been put. Originally it is obvious that the “has been derived from the “Kohri” used in the districts of persons naturalised in Japan, the name of which has some relations with the custom of their former nationality. Therefore, we must take it into consideration to evaluate the historical characteristics of the names in the district of the “Kohri ” before the system and the historical meaning of the Kohri can be investigated. Judging from this viewpoint, the position of the Kohri was in its history very remarkable in the Prefecture System of the anterior period of Taika Age. It means that the Kohri had a close relation with political institutions of the period and the origanisation of the prefectural Institution made the social system of Clan the essence of the bureaucratic administration, while the administrative division of the Kohri was considered a regional and social institution, with the result that the Kohri might be said to have appeared the term of the administrative region since the historical transition of the Social Institution, from the end of the fourth century to thr middle of the sixth century. In this period the leading influence was transferred form the Union of Yamato States to the Keitai and Kimmei Dynasties, when Clan Soga performed the important part in politics backed up by the naturalised Clans of Hata, Aya etc. economically and sociall as well as politically. And more, it was remarkable, too, that in this political institution the bureacratic and ruling systlm had its greater influence upon various political forms than other institutions in Kinki District. Kinki District was the base of Naturalised Clans and formerly formed the groupresidence, but with the political promotion of the Clan Soga their standarns for living were elevated. It was on account of this institution that the Kohri had come to comparehend the political meaning for a sub-division of regional society in Japan, and in addition, the reason for its historical existence in Kinki District might be explained